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Release time：2025-09-18
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Coupling Applications in the Robotics Industry
Couplings are indispensable key transmission components in modern robotic systems, and their performance directly determines a robot's motion accuracy, dynamic response capability, and overall reliability.
1. Core Application Areas
Joint Drive
Function: Connects the servo motor to the precision reducer (e.g., harmonic drive, RV reducer).
Requirements: Must exhibit extremely high torque rigidity and zero backlash to ensure absolute positioning accuracy and repeatability of the robot.
Encoder Feedback
Function: Connects the motor shaft to the high-precision encoder.
Requirements: Requires minimal reaction force and ultra-low inertia to avoid interfering with the encoder's signal feedback and ensure the stability of closed-loop control.
2. Key Performance Requirements
Ultra-High Precision and Zero Backlash: Even minor transmission gaps can cause significant shaking at the robot's end effector, making the elimination of backlash imperative.
High Torsional Stiffness: Ensures that the rotational input from the motor is transmitted to the load without delay or deformation, guaranteeing real-time and accurate motion.
Misalignment Compensation: Must compensate for unavoidable axial, radial, and angular misalignments during the installation of the motor and reducer, reducing assembly stress and protecting expensive precision components.
Lightweight and Low Inertia: Reducing the inertia of moving parts is crucial for achieving high-speed, high-acceleration robot motion and lowering energy consumption.
Fatigue Resistance and Long Service Life: Robots often operate continuously 7x24 hours, so couplings must withstand millions of repeated starts, stops, and direction changes.
3. Common Types
Diaphragm Coupling: The most mainstream choice. Widely used in various robot joints due to its zero backlash, high rigidity, and maintenance-free characteristics.
Bellows Coupling: Also offers zero backlash and high rigidity, particularly suitable for small robots and encoder connections due to its extremely low inertia.
Jaw Coupling: Typically used in base or large robot applications with relatively lower precision requirements, providing certain vibration damping.
4. Summary
In the field of robotics, though small, couplings serve as critical "nerves" and "tendons" connecting the "brain" (controller) to the "limbs" (actuators). The quality of their selection directly determines the performance ceiling of a robot, making them a core guarantee for achieving high-precision, high-speed, and highly reliable robotic motion.
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