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联轴器应用-纺织机械

发布时间:2020-07-21浏览量:

联轴器是纺织机械传动系统中的关键部件,其可靠性、稳定性和减振性能直接影响到纺织设备的运行效率、产品质量及能耗水平。

一、 核心应用场景

主轴传动系统:

连接电机与纺纱机、织布机的主轴,传递核心动力。需承受长期连续运行的考验。

牵伸装置:

用于连接伺服电机与罗拉(辊筒),要求传递精确的同步运动,以控制纤维牵伸的均匀性。

卷绕机构:

连接传动轴与卷绕辊筒,需保持卷绕张力恒定,避免纱线断裂或松驰。

往复运动机构:

应用于络筒机、并条机等的横动装置中,将旋转运动转换为精确的直线往复运动。

二、 特殊工况与挑战

高湿度与纤维粉尘环境: 联轴器需具备防锈、防腐蚀能力,并能防止纤维粉尘侵入影响性能。

长期连续运行: 纺织厂常24小时不间断生产,联轴器必须具有高耐久性和长寿命。

振动与冲击负载: 启停、换向及机构运动产生的振动需要被吸收,以保护电机和精密机械部件。

高速运行: 现代纺织机械速度越来越高,要求联轴器具备良好的动平衡性能,避免高速振动。

三、 关键性能要求

高可靠性: 保证长期连续运行不下线,减少停机维护时间。

减振缓冲: 有效吸收振动和冲击,保护传动系统,提高纱线质量。

补偿偏差: 补偿安装误差和运行中产生的热变形,降低轴承载荷。

免维护或易于维护: 适应纺织厂恶劣环境,减少维护需求。

电气绝缘(部分场合): 防止感应电流腐蚀轴承。

四、 常用类型

梅花联轴器(Jaw Coupling): 应用最广泛。因其良好的减振性、电气绝缘性和中等偏差补偿能力,非常适合纺织机械的普遍需求。

膜片联轴器(Diaphragm Coupling): 用于高精度部位,如高速牵伸装置,提供零背隙和高刚性传动。

橡胶轮胎式联轴器(Tyre Coupling): 用于需要大角度补偿和强力减振的重型设备。

滑块联轴器(Oldham Coupling): 用于需要大径向补偿的低速场合。

五、 总结

在纺织机械中,联轴器不仅是简单的连接件,更是保障设备平稳运行、提升产品质量、降低维护成本的重要环节。选择合适的联轴器对于提高纺织设备的综合效率(OEE)和竞争力至关重要。其耐环境性和可靠性往往是选型时优先考虑的因素。

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